WHO (World Health Organization) has formally requested comprehensive data from China regarding a rise in respiratory ailments and documented pediatric pneumonia clusters. 

On November 13, 2023, representatives of the National Health Commission in China announced a rise in the prevalence of respiratory illnesses in the country during a press conference. The increase was attributed by Chinese authorities to the removal of COVID-19 restrictions and the spread of known pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), mycoplasma pneumoniae (a common bacterial infection that usually affects younger children), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The need for improved disease surveillance in hospitals and community settings, along with bolstering the health system’s patient management capabilities, was emphasized by the authorities.   

On November 21, ProMED and the media reported on pediatric pneumonia cases in northern China that went undiagnosed. It’s unclear if these are related to isolated incidents or the general rise in respiratory infections that Chinese authorities had earlier noted.

Through the International Health Regulations mechanism, WHO requested additional laboratory results and epidemiologic and clinical information from these reported clusters among children on November 22. We have also asked for more details regarding the burden currently on health care systems as well as recent trends in the spread of known pathogens like mycoplasma pneumoniae, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. By means of our current technical collaborations and networks in China, WHO maintains communication with physicians and scientists.  

Compared to the same period in the preceding three years, northern China has reported an increase in influenza-like illness since mid-October. China maintains systems to gather data on influenza trends, influenza-like illnesses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, and submits its findings to databases like the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System.   

While WHO looks for this additional information, we advise Chinese citizens to take the following precautions to lower their risk of respiratory illness: getting vaccinated against recommended diseases; avoiding sick people; staying at home when sick; getting tested and receiving medical attention when necessary; wearing masks when necessary; maintaining adequate ventilation; and washing your hands frequently.